Test Summary

This test helps to identify the immune response to adenovirus in immunocompetent patients. A 4-fold increase between acute and convalescent specimens is consistent with a diagnosis of current adenovirus infection. However, antibody testing is more often used to study the epidemiology of and immune responses to adenovirus [1]. More sensitive methods for detection of active adenovirus infection are available, such as adenovirus-specific viral antigen assays (test code 38945 and test code 8355) and PCR assays (test code 19726 and test code 16046).

Adenoviruses generally cause mild respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ocular infections. However, adenovirus infections can sometimes lead to more severe conditions, including pneumonia, bladder infection, and neurologic disease, especially in people with weakened immune systems. Children under 4 are the most susceptible to adenovirus infections [2,3].

Adenovirus infections occur throughout the year and spread in communities with close populations, such as nursing homes, daycare centers, hospitals, and job training centers. Adenovirus infections often mimic the flu. Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, acute bronchitis, pink eye, and acute gastritis. Although adenovirus infections in individuals with well-functioning immune systems usually resolve without antiviral treatment, people with weakened immune systems or existing respiratory or cardiac disease are at higher risk of developing severe disease [2,3].

This antibody detection test is performed with complement fixation. This test does not provide information about serotypes.

The results of this test should be interpreted in the context of pertinent clinical and family history and physical examination findings.

References
1. Echavarria M, et al. Adenoviruses. In: Jorgensen JH, et al. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 11th ed. Wiley; 2015. http://online.statref.com/Home/Resolve?id=126304&grpalias=UCIrv
2. Lynch JP, Kagin AE. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;37(4):586-602.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adenoviruses. Last reviewed August 28, 2019. Accessed January 31, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/index.html

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