Test Summary

The presence of antibodies to the gangliosides GM1, Asialo-GM1, GD1a and GD1b has been associated with motor and sensorimotor neuropathies. High titers of antibody to GM1 are most typical of multifocal motor neuropathy; however, antibodies to other gangliosides are often present. In most cases of chronic immune neuropathies, anti-ganglioside antibodies are IgM class. IgG antibodies have been reported less often, generally associated with acute conditions. Many reports have found increased anti-asialo-GM1 antibody titers in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy, lower motor neuron disease, sensorimotor neuropathy, or motor neuropathy with or without multifocal block, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There may be a relationship between titers of asialo-GM1 antibodies and clinical status in individual patients. In some lower motor neuron disorders, improvement in strength has occurred after therapeutic reduction in anti-asialo-GM1 antibody titers. Polyclonal GQ1b IgG antibody can serve as an aid in the diagnosis of acute ataxia neuropathy with ophthalmoplegia or of Miller-Fisher Syndrome.

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