Test Summary

Anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies are frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). They are also found in patients with other autoimmune diseases, as well as in some individuals with no apparent previous underlying disease. Elevated levels of aCL antibodies have been reported to be significantly associated with the presence of both venous and arterial thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent fetal loss. The term “anti-phospholipid syndrome” (APS) has been introduced to describe patients who present these clinical manifestations, in association with aCL antibodies or the lupus anticoagulant. Beta 2 Glycoprotein Antibodies are anti-phospholipid antibodies and are a heterogeneous group of immunoglobulins that bind to several anionic phospholipids, including cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine. High serum levels of anti-phospholipid antibodies are frequently detected in patients with autoimmune (e.g., SLE) and non-autoimmune diseases, as well as in apparently healthy individuals. These antibodies have been associated with an increased risk for recurrent arterial and venous thrombotic events, thrombocytopenia, and fetal loss. These manifestations are the main features of the anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS).

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